The LFAM operates similarly to smaller-scale 3D printing methods, utilizing either extrusion or deposition techniques. In extrusion-based LFAM, a thermoplastic filament is heated and extruded through a large nozzle, layering the material to construct a part. Deposition-based LFAM uses materials like sand or concrete, deposited in layers and then solidified using a binder or other setting process. The process is controlled by computer software, which interprets a digital model of the object and guides the print head along the specific paths required to shape the item.